However, a recent study highlights that among ephedraceae family, which. America california to colorado and arizona habitat. Unfortunately, kids were abusing it for fun and games and its now hard to come by. Deep healing energy 528hz ancient frequency sound healing session zen meditation duration. Media in category ephedra fragilis the following 30 files are in this category, out of 30 total. Pdf chemical composition of various ephedra species. Members of the genus frequently spread by the use of rhizomes. Pdf the medicinal significance of ephedra is based on the. Biogeography, chengia, early cretaceous, ephedraceae, ephedro id, evolution, female cone, gnetales, jehol biota, reduction and sterilization hypothesis, yixian formation. Meyer is a research ecologist at the usda forest services rocky mountain research station, shrub sciences laboratory,provo utah table 1ephedra,ephedra. Ephedraceae, but also g ives a concrete taxonomic conce pt to the family ephedraceae that con sists of siphonosper mum, prognetella, chengia, liaoxia, gurvanella, ephedra yang et al. The plant species is properly authenticated by professor khalid sawalha, the director of biodiversity research.
Definition of family ephedraceae in the dictionary. Data on the number of species vary from 20 to 44, broken down into 5 sections. Ephedraceae dumortier mormontea or jointfir family dennis wm. The plant list includes 157 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus ephedra.
Botanically known as ephedra sinica, it is a perennial shrub that measures 4 feet high. They often grow on shores or sandy places where they get a lot of sunlight. Introduction ephedra is a medicinal plant belonging to the ephedraceae family. Information and translations of family ephedraceae in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. A taxonomic genus within the family ephedraceae many asiatic shrubs, some of which have medicinal uses. However, relationships among these fossils and modern ephedra remain ambiguous. Ephedraceae jointfir family ephedra is the only genus from this family represented at arches national park. However, these are a recently evolved class of plants, and the. Ephedra viridis possesses brightly colored cones that are used in reproduction, placing it in this class.
But, its use as a recreation drug should not detract from its long history of a very useful herbal medicine. Plants of the ephedra family the ephedras produce naked seeds like the pines, but they form on a colored, cuplike structure called a perianth. Wikipedia does not yet have an article about ephedra plant. Purpose of assessment the federal office of consumer protection and food safety bvl, in collaboration with the als working party on dietary foods, nutrition and classification issues, has compiled a hit list of 10 substances, the consumption of which may pose a health risk. Leaves are reduced to 2 small triangular teeth at joints. Ephedra, genus of 65 species of gymnosperm shrubs of the family ephedraceae. Ephedra fasciculata is a species of plant in the ephedraceae family. Pollen cones solitary or clustered at nodes, each cone composed of membranous bracts arranged in 28 decussate pairs or whorls of 3. The terminal stems are thin, green, and essentially leafless. Lee, the history of ephedra mahuang, journal of the royal. Ephedra ephedra sinica plant profiler sigmaaldrich. The gymnosperm database was established as an online entity in the summer of 1997 and has since grown steadily, getting its own url in the summer of 1999.
The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Ephedra is also called chinese ephedra, ma huang and herbal ecstasy. Molecular data place empetrum and its relatives firmly within the ericaceae, and in particular within the sub family ericoideae, in agreement with phytochemical and palynological data, and there they are best recognized as a separate tribe. Leaves are reduced to 3 small triangular teeth at joints. Ephedra the ephedra family, ephedraceae, has but one genus, ephedra. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms. Ephedra simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Scientific assessment of ephedra species ephedra spp. Stony slopes and gravel terraces, often on limestone. Ephedra species are found naturally in many places, like southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america ephedra species often grow in the temperate zone. This study proposes a new systematic classification of the family at the. Stevenson shrubs or vines, erect or clambering, equisetum like, dioecious very rarely monoecious. This page was last edited on 22 december 2019, at 22. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Ephedraceae in world checklist of selected plant families.
In the past, when a person was blocked up, ephedra. Ephedra chilensis pdf ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and ephedra chilensis chile, argentina. It could be found in rocky mountains and deserts but thrives well in arid and semiarid climates. Abstract the genus ephedra of the ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout. Ephedra viridis ephedraceae mormon tea, green jointfir. A list of all accepted names in ephedraceae is available in csv format. Ephedra is an airway passage opener extraoidinaire. The family ephedraceae is in the major group gymnosperms conifers, cycads and allies. Pages in category ephedra fragilis this category contains only the following page. Pdf ethanomedicinal properties of euphorbiaceae familya.
Branches generally many, terete, whorled to fascicled, finely longitudinally grooved, internodes 110 cm. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. The ephedraceae family consists of species with varied growth forms, habits and habitat requirements. This plant belongs in the order ephedrales because it s a gymnosperm shrub. Common names are arizona ephedra, arizona jointfir, and desert mormontea. Species of ephedraceae contained within the plant list belong to. Ephedra family ephedraceae, the jointfirs is a genus of nonflowering seed plants. Ephedra l ephedra or mormontea usda forest service.
Information and translations of ephedraceae in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. Ephedra is an evolutionally isolated group and is the only genus in the order ephedrales. The plant is found in the mojave desert and colorado desert of. Some asian species have been used as a source of the stimulant ephedrine, and many are important in herbal medicine. Green ephedra is a dioecious, scraggly shrub rarely more than 60 cm to 150 cm high. A drug containing ephedrine derived from one of these plants, used in traditional chinese medicine as a stimulant and. Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family. The plant list includes a further 79 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus ephedra. Genus ephedra definition of genus ephedra by the free. The database provides information for all species and higherranked taxa of the gymnosperms, i.
The microsporophylls are similar to the stamens of the flowering plant. Ephedra americana ephedraceae joint fir, pincopinco. Two subfamilies and two tribes are described as new to science. Andes of south america ecuador to argentina habitat. Any of various usually shrubby gymnosperms of the genus ephedra, having jointed green stems and small scalelike leaves, some species of which are used as a source of ephedrine. In coughs, colds, and chronic airway obstructive conditions, epheda has always been the go to herb. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america in temperate climates, most ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with. The family ephedraceae is also known as the mormon tea or joint fir family. Ephedra contains the alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine isoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine cathine, norephedrine, methylephedrine, methylpseudoephedrine 8, tannins 9, and other constituents, including quinoline and 6hydroxykynurenic acid 10. Some dozen or so species occur in the western united states, with three ephedra viridis, ephedra cutleri, ephedra torreyana common in the four corners area. Ephedra is inherent to china, pakistan and northwestern india.
Thus it superficially appears that these plants are an evolutionary link between the conifers and the true flowering plants. The page that you are currently viewing contains information about ephedra plants taxonomy. Ephedra fragilis is an evergreen shrub growing to 1. Distribution of ephedra vegetative features of ephedra anatomy of ephedra reproduction of ephedra embryogency of ephedra economic importance of. Ephedra viridis is the most common ephedra in our area, but any one of the three. Ephedraceae, so northeast china and adjacent areas may represent either the centre of origination or one of the centres for early diversification of the family. Native to the steppes of northern china, mahuang prospers in full sun, dry soils, and is quite coldtolerant our patch bravely survived an 18 inch snow cover that occurred during a particularly cold southern oregon winter.
Department of natural resources for this plants current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values. Although used for medicinal purposes in the past, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine have only been detectable in eurasian species of ephedra. Pdf a new species of ephedra ephedraceae, ephedrales from. A taxonomic family within the order gnetales many asiatic shrubs. There are distinc tive features of the empetreae that were responsible for their past familial status, e. In this new classification, the family ephedraceae consists of two subfamilies. Ephedra definition of ephedra by the free dictionary. A new species of ephedra ephedraceae, ephedrales from india. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales.
522 1565 318 158 49 930 779 1330 669 432 1651 1206 489 1558 113 734 522 1611 419 1402 259 1059 750 134 376 3 1232 671 1306 971 1186 1111 649 149 1424 382 543 336 368 1323 553 836 886 535 1479 780 1243